There are several different types of drugs that affect different areas of blood pressure control may need to be used to maintain a patients blood pressure within normal limits. Cardiovascular system pharmacology linkedin slideshare. Examples of disorders in which such drugs may be useful include hypertension high blood pressure, angina pectoris chest pain resulting from inadequate blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle. However, less frequently considered is the potential for indirect effects caused through enabling athletes to push beyond normal physiological limits with the potential consequence of exercise. Longterm drinking can cause heart damage including problems such as cardiomyopathy, irregular heartbeat, stroke, and high blood pressure. Several of the drugs discussed in this chapter have more than one clinical indication and the drugs are considered according to their mechanism of action. The four histamine receptor subtypes characterized to date are designated h 1 to h 4. Hypertension results from increased peripheral vascular arteriolar smooth. Sulfhydryl sh groups are required for the formation of no and the stimulation of guanylate cyclase. Antiarrhythmic drugs treatment of arrhythmias requires precise diagnosis of the type of arrhythmia, and electrocardiography is essential. All drugs of abuse, from nicotine to heroin, cause a particularly powerful surge of. Cardiotonic agents are drugs used to increase the contractility and output in a hypodynamic heart without propotionate increase in 02 consumption commonly used in the treatment of heart failure hf 4. Cardiac medications if youve had a heart attack, you will most likely be prescribed medication that you will take for the rest of your life. Start studying drugs affecting the cardiovascular system.
If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 634k. Cardiovascular drugs cardiovascular drugs act on the heart or blood vessels to control the cardiovascular system. Examples of disorders in which such drugs may be useful include hypertension high blood pressure, angina pectoris chest. Angiotensin also stimulates the release of aldosterone, another hormone, from the adrenal cortex. The hippocampus lays down memories of this rapid sense of satisfaction, and the amygdala creates a conditioned response to certain stimuli. Pharmacogenomics of drugs affecting the cardiovascular. Cardiovascular effects national institute on drug abuse nida. The respiratory system is subject to many disorders that interfere with respiration and other lung. Syndrome associated with excessive levels of growth hormone after puberty. This comprehensive set of flashcards will help you become an expert in the area of cardiovascular system drugs.
Excessive alcohol use has always been associated with negative cardiovascular risks and disorders. Autonomic nervous system the patient is 21 yrs old and has experienced frequent episodes of blurred vision, dizziness, faintness and syncope for as long as she can remember. Isosorbide dinitrate is metabolized by the liver, whereas this route of metabolism is bypassed by the mononitrates. This guide will discuss the potential roles substance abuse may play in the risk. Combined alpha and betablockers combined alpha and betablockers are used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. These manifestations may be relieved with drugs that suppress coughing antitussives or assist in clearance of mucus from larger airways in the lungs expectorants.
Bronchial congestion with cough and excessive mucus production are also associated with viral infections. Drugs that affect the autonomic system anatomy and. Drugs acting on the cardiovascular system sciencedirect. Mesenteric blood volume increases as ventricular size, ventricular pressures, and intrapericardial pressure decrease. Side effects from abusing illicit drugs and prescription medicines can range from mild to deadly, and they will differ depending on the type of substance abused and the method of taking it. Systolic mm hg diastolic mm hg normal drugs acting on the cardiovascular system. Performanceenhancing drugs may have an effect on the cardiovascular system by means of directly altering the myocardium, vasculature, and metabolism. Drugs affecting the endocrine system lange smart charts. The various drug classes used in therapy of the upper respiratory tract are outlined in figure 351. Antianginal drugs the three main types of angina are. Injection drug use can also lead to cardiovascular problems such as collapsed veins and bacterial infections of the blood vessels and heart valves. Drugs that act on the cardiovascular system are among the most widely used in medicine.
These drugs are often used to treat cardiovascular disease because they block the. Diuretics drugs affecting the renin angiotensin system calcium channel blockers. A 12year followup survey of 25 patients who recovered from sarscov infection found that 68% had hyperlipidaemia, 44% had cardiovascular system abnormalities and 60% had glucose metabolism. This is known as cardiovascular disease, and may have considerable impacts on overall health and longevity. Cardiovascular drugs act on the heart or blood vessels to control the cardiovascular. Cardiovascular drug, any agent that affects the function of the heart and blood vessels. Drugs affecting the cardiovascular system antiarrhythmics the arrhythmias are dysfunctions cause abnormalities in impulse formation and conduction in the myocardium. Addictive drugs provide a shortcut to the brains reward system by flooding the nucleus accumbens with dopamine. They are used to treat a variety of conditions from hypertension to chronic heart failure.
Diuretics drugs that increase the excretion of sodium and water from the kidney often the first agents tried in mild hypertension affecting the blood sodium levels and. Drug effects can be reversed by vitamin k administration. Due to pharmacodynamic changes, therefore, dose adjustment of the above mentioned cardiovascular and psychotropic drugs is recommended in elderly. Generally, drugs outlined within the atc code r should be included in this category. Drugs that act on the cardiovascular system are among the most widely. Cardiovascular effects of performanceenhancing drugs. Pharmacogenomics of drugs affecting the cardiovascular system. Many drugs have either primary or secondary effects on the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems. Drugs affecting the cardiovascular system antihypertensives. Ntg increases the distensibility and conductance of large arteries without chang. H 1 receptors mediate mucous discharge and vasodilation, h 2 receptors are important in gastric acid secretion, h 3 receptors are found in the central nervous system cns, and h 4 receptors may modulate inflammatory reactions by. Antiarrhythmic drugs must be used cautiously since most drugs that are effective in. Negative effects of drug abuse on cardiovascular health. Drugs affecting the cardiovascular system antihypertensive drugs hypertension is defined as either a sustained systolic blood pressure of greater than 140 mm hg or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of greater than 90 mm hg.
Jul 03, 1976 diseases of the cardiovascular system. The heart is made up of many interconnected branching fibers that form the walls of the 2 atria and 2 ventricles. Drugs affecting the cardiovascular system antihypertensive. Systolic mm hg diastolic mm hg normal drugs affecting the cardiovascular and renal systems. Oct 14, 2019 most of the patients have no clear etiology, and they are classified as having primary hypertension.
Drugs affecting the cardiovascular system antiarrhythmics. Start studying chapter 16 drugs affecting the cardiovascular and renal systems. Medications affecting the cardiovascular system are a powerful group of drugs but are you aware of sideeffects and potential interactions of this group of medications. Ems pharmacology drugs that affect the cardiovascular system. Only in the alveoli does actual gas exchange takes place. There are many types, including coronary artery disease, angina, and heart failure. Histamine is produced from the amino acid histidine and is stored in vesicles. Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and a subsequent increase in blood pressure. A systematic approach to cardiovascular pharmacology. Cardiotonic inotropic drugs affect the intracellular calcium levels in the heart muscle, leading to increased contractility. Clinicians should be aware of the agerelated physiologic changes affecting several organ systems and their implications on the effect of drugs that are commonly prescribed to elderly patients. Clinical context used when aceis are not tolerated due to cough.
There are some 300 million alveoli in two adult lungs. There are many types and combinations of drugs used to treat coronary artery disease cad, and your doctor or other health care provider will decide the best treatment combination for your situation. Some of these fibers are capable of, and responsible for, conducting electrical impulses while other fibers are mainly responsible for muscle contraction. Drugs affecting the cardiovascular system free download as powerpoint presentation. High blood pressure is a key factor in a heart attack or a.
By allowing blood vessels to dilate, or keeping heart rate from increasing, these drugs can improve cardiac function in a compromised system, such as for a person with congestive heart failure. Drugs affecting cardiovascular system linkedin slideshare. Drug or alcohol abuse can potentially cause serious health issues for the heart and cardiovascular system. Disease that increases the risk of hemorrhage aplastic anemia. Jul 26, 2019 cardiovascular disease affects the heart and blood vessels. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.
However, arrhythmias present as a complex family of disorders with a variety of symptoms. These provide a surface area of some 160 m2 almost equal to the singles area of a tennis court and 80 times the area of our skin. This chapter discusses the groups of drugs used to treat cardiovascular and renal disease. Drugs affecting the cardiovascular system antihypertensives hypertension ht is defined as either a sustained systolic blood pressure of greater than 140 mm hg or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of greater than 90 mm hg. Cardiovascular effects national institute on drug abuse. Cardiovascular physiology, pharmacology, and molecular biology 120 of blood in the splanchnic capacitance system. The ingestion of harmful substances, particularly drugs and alcohol, may be associated with deterioration in the health of the heart andor blood vessels 3. Jan 11, 2011 autonomic nervous system pharmacology lecture. Drug interactions affecting cardiovascular therapy. Antihypertensive agents does not cure hpn but maintains the bp within normal range to prevent the damage that hpn can cause. The cardiovascular system revisited the heart is made up of many interconnected branching fibers that form the walls of the 2 atria and 2 ventricles. The cardiovascular system includes the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries that move blood around the body to supply organs and tissues with oxygen and nutrients while removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. Clinical effects of interaction between drugs, excerpta.
Drugs affecting the cardiovascular system angina pectoris. Cardiovascular disease affects the heart and blood vessels. Used to help prevent future heart attacks in patients who have had a heart attack. It is part of the reninangiotensin system, which is a major target for drugs that lower blood pressure. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Mar 17, 2017 drugs affecting cardiovascular system slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Medications affecting the cardiovascular system cvs. Hypertension results from increased peripheral vascular arteriolar smooth muscle tone, which leads to increased. The cardiovascular system is one system particularly affected by certain drugs of abuse. Researchers have found that most drugs can have adverse cardiovascular effects, ranging from abnormal heart rate to heart attack. Drugs that affect the autonomic system anatomy and physiology i.
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